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Differences between animal and plant cells
Among the differences between animal and plant cells, we can mention the presence, in the latter, of exclusive structures, such as cell walls, chloroplasts, and cell juice vacuoles.
There are many differences between animal and plant cells , mainly related to the presence or absence of certain organelles. As we know, cells are the fundamental units of life and are found in all living beings, with the exception of viruses. Although they have many characteristics in common, some have peculiarities, as is the case with animal and plant cells.
Animal and plant cells have a number of similarities. First, we must remember that all cells have a plasma membrane , a structure made up of a bilayer of phospholipids with several associated proteins. The main function of this structure is to separate the extracellular from the intracellular environment, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.
Both plant cells and animal cells are eukaryotic cells , that is, they are cells characterized by the presence of genetic material surrounded by the nuclear envelope, forming the nucleus . This structure acts to control various activities of the cell. In addition to the presence of a defined nucleus, eukaryotic cells have a series of membranous organelles in their cytoplasm.
In the cytoplasm, we observe some structures that are common to plant and animal cells. See what they are:
Ribosomes - structures related to protein synthesis. They can be free in the cytoplasm or associated with membranes.
Endoplasmic reticulum – a complex system of membranes that functions as a distribution system for substances within the cell. It can be classified into two distinct portions, which occur in the same cell and have connections:
Smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum – mainly related to the synthesis of lipids and degradation of some harmful and toxic substances;
Peroxisomes – these cellular organelles are capable of oxidizing organic substrates, removing hydrogen atoms and combining them with molecular oxygen. This reaction produces hydrogen peroxide, which is rapidly eliminated by an enzyme called catalase, also present in this organelle.
Mitochondria - organelle related to cellular respiration, a process that leads to the release of energy for the cell.
Centriole - an extremely important structure for the process of cell division, found in most animal cells. In plants, they are only found in some groups, such as bryophytes and pteridophytes.
Unique structures of the animal cell
The animal cell is the one present in animal tissues and differs from the plant cell by the presence of organelles known as lysosomes and the absence of structures such as the cell wall, plastids, cell juice vacuole and glyoxysome.
Lysosomes are structures related to the intracellular digestion process. This organelle acts by ensuring, for example, the breakdown of substances that have been ingested by the cell and also of damaged organelles that will be recycled (autophagy). These organelles are essential for the defense of our body, as they act by digesting invading organisms phagocytized by leukocytes.
Unique structures of the plant cell
The plant cell found in plant tissues is a eukaryotic cell , just like the animal cell, however, it has its own peculiarities. The plant cell has some unique characteristics such as the cell wall rich in cellulose, the plastids, the vacuoles of cell juice and also the glyoxysomes.
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